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初三英语上册期中知识点

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初三英语上册期中知识点

动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。

I need something to eat.

Do you have something to read?

Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.

He is really a fool only to eat.

The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.

The doctor had no way to save the patient.

注意:

(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。(方位关系)

We have many things to do experiments with.

我们有许多做实验的东西(方式关系)

(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语

Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.

We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的事。

动词不定式作主语

To give is better than to receive.

To reach there on foot is impossible.

动词不定式作主语时,可以用it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面。

It’s better to give than to receive.

It’s impossible to reach there on foot.

It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.

It’s not difficult for me to study English well.

It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.

在这个句型中,如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切,并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等,由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。

初三英语上册复习知识点

一. 定义:

由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形

(1)作主语

动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。

如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。

如:

It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.

It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?

It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.

It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;

在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)举例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

1、It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

1、It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

注意:

(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

(2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。

(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

(错)It is to believe to see.

初三英语上册期末知识点

1.各种时态的被动语态结构如下:

一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am/is/are(not)+过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was/were+过去分词

现在完成时的被动语态:主语+have/has+been+过去分词

一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will+be+过去分词

过去将来时的被动语态:主语+would/should+be+过去分词

过去进行时的被动语态:主语+was/were+being+过去分词

过去完成时的被动语态:主语+had+been+过去分词

情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词

2.被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。

Footballisplayedwidelyallovertheworld.

全世界都广泛地踢足球

(2)强调动作的承受者。

Thebankwasrobbedyesterdayafternoon.

昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。

(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。

ItisreportedthatabouttwentychildrenhavediedoffluintheUSA.

据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。

3.主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤

(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语

(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词

(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面;如果没必要,可省略。

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